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Challenging the predictive mind
(2026) Schuckart, Merle Marie
In everyday life, language comprehension rarely unfolds under ideal circumstances. Individuals may encounter reduced intelligibility of linguistic input, may be required to divide their attention
between comprehension and a concurrent task, or may experience diminished sensory or executive capacities as a consequence of healthy ageing or illness. Additionally, the ways in which individuals engage with language across the lifespan are highly idiosyncratic, shaped not only by the quantity and quality of linguistic experience but possibly also by inter-individual differences in cognitive-perceptual style. Against this backdrop, it is crucial to understand the
mechanisms that enable successful language comprehension, as well as the compensatory
strategies that allow comprehension to remain robust when situational demands or individual
predispositions are less than optimal. Language comprehension is supported by predictive processing, in which the brain continuously anticipates upcoming linguistic input based on prior context and knowledge of the speaker or situation. However, despite its central role in language comprehension, the cognitive cost of language prediction remains under debate. In particular, it is unclear whether predictive processing is an automatic consequence of exposure to linguistic input or whether it draws on domain-general executive resources, and how this potential relationship may be shaped by inter-individual differences in age as well as in the propensity to weight prior knowledge versus incoming sensory evidence.
The aim of the present thesis was to address these questions within two behavioural pilot
studies as well as two large-scale behavioural studies (Studies 1 and 2) and one EEG study (Study 3), employing a novel dual-task paradigm combining self-paced reading of naturalistic texts with an orthogonal, non-linguistic n-back task. This design allows cognitive load to be manipulated
independently of linguistic processing, enabling a dissociation of prediction-related effects from
general task difficulty. Across studies, word predictability was quantified employing word surprisal derived from a large language model (GPT-2). Predictive processing was evaluated through responses to variations in word predictability, measured both in reading times (across studies) and in neural tracking (in Study 3).
In Study 1, results revealed a robust facilitation of reading by word predictability under low
cognitive load. Crucially, increasing cognitive load systematically attenuated these effects,
indicating that predictive language processing depends on the availability of executive resources. However, this dependency was modulated by age: older adults showed stronger predictability effects under low load but were also more susceptible to their reduction under increasing load, consistent with earlier exhaustion of cognitive capacity. In contrast, the youngest participants exhibited a qualitatively different pattern, with weak or absent predictability effects under minimal load and an increase under higher load, raising the possibility of differences in how language prediction manifests behaviourally in young and old adulthood.
In Study 2, we first proposed an improved, psychometrically sound measure of cognitive-
perceptual style based on responses in the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), capturing the relative weighting of prior expectations versus sensory evidence. This measure revealed systematic age-related shifts toward a more sensory-driven profile, and showed that cognitive-perceptual style modulates sensitivity to word predictability, such that individuals with a more sensory-driven style exhibited greater susceptibility to variations in word predictability, particularly in older age.
In Study 3, reading times reproduced the graded sensitivity to word surprisal observed in Study 1: older adults showed pronounced predictability effects overall, whereas younger adults
displayed little sensitivity under low cognitive load but marked increases when executive resources were constrained. At the neural level, however, a qualitatively different pattern emerged. Results revealed age-related divergences in the cortical tracking of word predictability, with younger adults exhibiting stronger neural sensitivity to variations in word predictability than older adults, within a spatiotemporal region aligned with the canonical N400 component. Moreover, when cognitive demands were high, younger adults showed attenuated updating of higher-level semantic predictive models – reflected in decreased neural tracking of word predictability within a spatiotemporal region corresponding to the Post-N400 ERP component – whereas older adults relied on sustaining and updating semantic predictions more robustly under increased task demands. Collectively, these results point to an age-dependent dissociation between overt performance and underlying neural indices of predictive processing, and indicate that executive resource availability shapes the updating of semantic predictions in qualitatively different ways across the adult lifespan.
Taken together, this thesis provides converging behavioural and neural evidence that
predictive language processing is not cost-free but depends on the availability of domain-general executive resources, with a central role of executive resources especially in the updating of higher-level semantic predictive models. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that when executive resources are inherently constrained, the neural mechanisms supporting predictive language processing undergo functional reorganisation. The present work thus portrays predictive processing as a sophisticated, context-sensitive mechanism – malleable to both task demands and individual differences – that dynamically guides real-time language comprehension across the adult lifespan.
In vitro Studie zur Wirkung des Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) und Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) auf die Zellmigration und -adhäsion an Titanoberflächen unter Einfluss der antiresorptiven Bisphosphonat-Therapie
(2026) Herbst, Nele
Die Bisphosphonat-assoziierte Osteonekrose des Kiefers (BRONJ) gilt als schwerwiegende Nebenwirkung der Therapie mit Bisphosphonaten, welche bei knochenresorptiven Erkrankungen wie beispielsweise Osteoporose und Knochenmetastasen eingesetzt werden. Die Therapie der BRONJ gilt als komplex und ist noch nicht zufriedenstellend erforscht. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob sich thrombozytenreiches Plasma (PRP) und thrombozytenreiches Fibrin (PRF) aufgrund eines erhöhten Anteils an Wachstumsfaktoren positiv auf die Zellheilung oder das Anwachsen von notwendigen Zahnimplantaten auswirken und dadurch der Ausbildung und Ausprägung einer BRONJ entgegenwirken. Dieser Hypothese wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit nachgegangen.
Zunächst wurden verschiedene Inkubationsmethoden des PRP und PRF in Bezug auf ihren Gehalt an Wachstumsfaktoren in ELISA-Tests verglichen und die Ansätze mit dem höchsten Gehalt für die weiteren Versuche ausgewählt. Als Vertreter der gingivalen Zellen wurden Osteoblasten und Fibroblasten auf ihre Migration und Proliferation unter Zugabe dieser ausgewählten Ansätze von PRP, PRF und Bisphosphonaten getestet. Zur Auswertung wurden Migrationsassays, RTCA und MTT-Tests genutzt, um die Migration und Proliferation der Zellen zu untersuchen. Im nächsten Schritt erfolgte die Beimpfung der enossalen Implantate aus Titan mit Osteoblasten, PRP, PRF und Bisphosphonaten in verschiedenen Ansätzen. Mithilfe eines Wash-Assays wurden die jeweils anhaftenden Osteoblasten gezählt. Die Auswertung der an den Zahnimplantaten angehafteten Zellen bezüglich ihrer Zellmorphologie erfolgte durch eine Rasterelektronenmikroskopie.
Im Migrationsassay zeigte sich ein signifikanter Anstieg des Verschlusses der zellfreien Zone der Osteoblasten bei der Beimpfung mit PRP und PRF im Vergleich zur Negativkontrolle. Diese Thrombozytenderivate minderten ebenso den negativen Effekt von Bisphosphonaten auf beide Zelllinien. Des Weiteren verbesserten sich auch die Lebensfähigkeit und Proliferation der Zellen innerhalb der ersten 24 h. Besonders PRF reduzierte den negativen Effekt von Bisphosphonaten auf die Zellproliferation. PRF förderte die Migration der Fibroblasten stärker als die der Osteoblasten. PRP hatte hingegen einen geringeren Effekt auf die Migration der Osteoblasten. Die verminderte Osteoblastenanhaftung an die Implantatoberflächen durch den Einsatz von Bisphosphonaten wurde durch die Verwendung von PRP und PRF gesteigert. In der Rasterelektronenmikroskopie zeigte sich eine verbesserte Zellmorphologie.
Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Bisphosphonate die Migration und Proliferation gingivaler Zellen reduzieren und die Osteoblastenadhäsion auf Zahnimplantatoberflächen verringern. Die Nutzung von PRP und PRF zeigte positive Auswirkungen auf das Verhalten von Osteoblasten und Fibroblasten unter Bisphosphonateinfluss und erhöhte gleichzeitig die Adhäsion von mit Bisphosphonaten behandelten Osteoblasten auf Implantatoberflächen. Folglich kann eine Behandlung mit PRP und PRF eine positive Auswirkung auf die Therapie der BRONJ haben. Die Thrombozytenderivate können aufgrund der gesteigerten Knochenanlagerung die Nutzung von enossalen Implantaten bei einer BRONJ verbessern. PRF hatte dabei eine größere Auswirkung als PRP.
Long-read sequencing on repeat expansions
(2026) Laß, Joshua
Einfluss von Piezo1 auf die endotheliale Nanomechanik und vaskuläre Entzündungen
(2026) Borutta, Johanna-Theres
Chirurgisches Outcome der Rekonstruktion des rechtsventrikularen Ausflusstrakts bei Kindern
(2026) Kazakbaev Atogozievic`, Iliazbek
Zusammenfassung
Das Ziel dieser Studie bestand darin, die transanuläre und Nicht-transanuläre Patch-Technik sowie Contegra- und Hancock-Conduits bei Patienten mit angeborenen konotrunkalen Herzfehlern miteinander zu vergleichen. Als Endpunkte wurden die Reinterventionsrate, die Zeit bis zur Reintervention, der Grund für die Reintervention sowie das Langzeitüberleben definiert. Darüber hinaus wurden unabhängige Prädiktoren für eine Reintervention analysiert. Insgesamt 99 Patienten erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien. Die mediane Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug 3,8 Jahre (Spanne: 0–16,2 Jahre). Von den 99 Patienten erhielten 34 Patienten (34,3%) eine Rechtsventrikuläre Ausflusstrack-Rekonstruktion mittels transanulärem Patch-Technik, 49 Patienten (49,5%) mittels Contegra, und jeweils acht Patienten (8,08%) mittels Hancock-Conduit und Nicht-transanulärem Patch -Technik. Insgesamt war bei 69 (70,4%) der 99 Patienten eine Reintervention nach der primären Korrekturoperation erforderlich. Die mediane Zeit bis zur Reintervention lag für alle 69 Patienten bei 9,2 Monaten (Spanne: 0,3–142,2 Monate). Die Nicht-transanuläre Patch-Technik sowie die Contegra-Gruppe presentierten eine kurzere Reinterventionszeit von 6,4 Monaten bzw. 6,8 Monaten, obwohl die Gründe für die Reintervention unterschiedlich waren. Im Gegensatz dazu wiesen die transanuläre Patch-Technik und die Hancock-Gruppe längere Reintervetionszeiten von 11,5 bzw. 11,8 Monaten auf, verbunden mit postoperativer pulmonaler Klappeninsuffizienz und Re-Stenosen an der linken/rechten Pulmonalarterie. Zudem wiesen die Patienten der Hancock-Gruppe im Vergleich zu den anderen Gruppen ein statistisch signifikant höheres Gewicht, größere Körpermaße und ein höheres Lebensalter auf (p<0,05). In der Nicht-transanuläre Patch-Technik war die Reintervention bei allen Patienten (100%) erdorderlich. In der Cox-Regression wurden die Transposition der großen Gefäße mit subpulmonalem Ventrikelseptumdefekt sowie der Z.Score der linken Pulmonalarterie als Risikofaktor für eine Renintervnetion identifiziert. Zusammenfassend zeigte die Nicht-transanuläre Patch-Technik erhöhtes Risiko für eine Reintervention. Bei hypoplastischen linken/rechten Pulmonalarterie sollte auf Conterga, Hancok-Conduits verzichtet werden, und die Nicht-transanuläre Technik bevorzugt werden, sofern die trikuspide Pulmonalklappe ist. Dies reduziert das Risiko für eine postoperative Pulmonalklappeninsuffizienz nach transanuläre Patch-Technik mit potenziellem langfristigem rechtsventrikulärem Schaden.
Interaction-aware model predictive control for autonomous highway driving
(2026) Zhang, Xiaorong
Automated driving technology has developed rapidly over the past decades, profoundly
transforming traditional modes of transportation. It offers significant conveniences by replacing human drivers in simple scenarios and improves safety through driver assistance
systems. However, despite these advances, achieving full automation still faces substantial challenges. One critical challenge is accurately predicting the motion of surrounding
vehicles in real time and incorporating these predictions into the control of autonomous
vehicles to ensure safety. The diversity in individual driving behaviors, coupled with the
complexity of modeling interactions among traffic participants under uncertainties, makes
this problem particularly difficult. To provide insights into these challenges, this thesis
focuses on interaction-aware traffic prediction and the safe control of autonomous vehicles on highways. Highways are chosen as the study environment due to their structured lanes and lower traffic density. The aim is to establish a research foundation in this setting that can later be extended to more complex traffic environments, such as urban roads. Specifically, this thesis investigates two primary research directions to address these challenges. The first direction separates the tasks of interaction-aware traffic prediction and safe control of autonomous vehicles. The second direction aims to integrate these tasks into a unified control architecture for greater simplicity and efficiency.
In the first research direction, diverse intention-based models along with the Interacting Multiple Model Kalman Filter (IMM-KF) algorithm are employed to estimate and predict vehicle motion states while considering interactions. Possible vehicle motion maneuvers are represented by a finite number of normal scenarios. Additionally, a “worst-case” scenario is considered along with normal scenarios in a Scenario-based Model Predictive Control (SCMPC) architecture to ensure the safety of the autonomous vehicle. Moreover, to reduce the conservatism of the control strategy associated with considering the “worst-case” scenario, a new Contingency Model Predictive Control (CMPC) scheme is explored with time-varying prediction horizons and an enlarged terminal set. In the second research direction, the Minimizing Overall Braking Induced by Lane Change (MOBIL) model is employed to find out the possible lanes that vehicles may occupy based on vehicle interactions. With this lateral traffic prediction, the longitudinal states of surrounding vehicles are modeled simultaneously with those of the autonomous vehicle within a Model Predictive Control (MPC) structure. They are determined by minimizing the collective control costs of all vehicles through dynamic interaction-aware mechanisms. All proposed control architectures are validated in a high-fidelity IPG CarMaker simulation environment. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of these approaches in safely controlling autonomous vehicles while considering vehicles’ interactions on highways.
The findings of this thesis provide new perspectives on addressing challenges in high
way autonomous driving and establish the foundation for extending safe control strate
gies to more complex traffic scenarios involving interactive behaviors. This research
advances the understanding of interaction modeling in multi-agent traffic environments,
contributing structured approaches to represent and leverage vehicle interactions for safer autonomous control. The modular design of the proposed frameworks facilitates their integration with broader automated driving systems, such as perception and planning modules. Moreover, validation in a high-fidelity simulation environment offers a practical reference for a potential real-world implementation.
Harmonic light from membrane resonators
(2026) Wollenzin, Jörn
Impact of environment and genetics on the pathogenesis of non-communicable inflammatory skin diseases
(2026) Mousavi, Seyed Sadegh
Chronic non-communicable inflammatory skin diseases (CNISDs), including psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and autoimmune blistering diseases, represent a major and increasing global health burden. These disorders arise from complex interactions between genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and dysregulated immune responses. Although targeted biologic therapies have transformed clinical management, the upstream mechanisms that initiate and sustain chronic cutaneous inflammation remain incompletely understood. This cumulative dissertation aimed to elucidate key determinants of CNISD pathogenesis by integrating epidemiological analysis, genetic discovery, and mechanistic immunological studies. First, a large-scale real-world data analysis using electronic health records from the TriNetX network examined the relationship between obesity and the risk of chronic inflammatory diseases. In a cohort comprising more than three million individuals, obesity was associated with a significantly increased risk for a broad spectrum of inflammatory conditions, including several dermatological diseases. These findings highlight obesity as a systemic and potentially modifiable driver of immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation. Second, a forward genetics approach in a murine model of Aldara-induced psoriasiform dermatitis identified Itga11, encoding integrin α11, as a previously unrecognized genetic modulator of inflammatory skin disease. Functional studies demonstrated that Itga11 deficiency attenuates skin inflammation, reduces immune cell infiltration, and alters extracellular matrix remodeling, implicating fibroblast-mediated tissue architecture as a critical regulator of immune responses in the skin. Third, the functional role of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) was investigated using an antibody-transfer mouse model. Pharmacological inhibition of IFN-γ significantly reduced disease severity and neutrophil recruitment, demonstrating that IFN-γ promotes autoantibody-mediated cutaneous inflammation. Together, these studies demonstrate that CNISDs are driven by the interplay of systemic metabolic factors, genetic modifiers, and local immune mechanisms. By combining population-scale analyses with experimental models, this work provides new insights into disease pathogenesis and identifies potential avenues for therapeutic intervention targeting metabolic, stromal, and immunological pathways.
Textstruktur und Titel von Originalarbeiten in medizinischen Fachzeitschriften
(2026) Heßler, Nicole
Zusammenhang zwischen Körperfettverteilung und funktionellen Ruhenetzwerken des Gehirns bei Männern
(2025) Schulz, Stephanie
Hematopoietic stem cells as a niche for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(2025) Engling, Pit
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) play an indispensable role in maintaining immune competence through their differentiation into mature lymphoid and myeloid effector cells. The manipulation of the hematopoietic system by infectious agents can, therefore, significantly disrupt protective immune function, facilitating pathogen persistence and exacerbating disease. M. tuberculosis is a paradigm of pathogen persistence. The recent discovery of mycobacterial DNA within HSCs introduced a potential yet undefined strategy by which M. tuberculosis may subvert host immunity by directly targeting the source of immune cell generation. The hallmarks of this work were to characterize how otherwise non-permissive cells, namely the HSCs, internalize M. tuberculosis and to identify the underlying pathways. We identified CD36 as the potential surface receptor recognizing M. tuberculosis and showed internalization to involve macropinocytosis-independent membrane ruffling instead of canonical phagocytosis pathways and discovered a yet-to-be elucidated involvement of clathrin interactions. Further, the heterogeneity among immunophenotypically defined HSCs indiciated inflammaging-related effects to promote permissiveness to infection by M. tuberculosis. Identifying the pathways exploited by M. tuberculosis for internalization and delineating the signals that drive HSC susceptibility may help to uncover novel targets for host-directed therapies aimed at protecting these crucial cells against infection and restoring host immune competence.
Anaphylatoxin receptors as regulators of dendritic cell differentiation and function
(2026) Nowacka, Alicja Anna
Einfluss genetisch gesenkter Ceramid-Spiegel durch Einführung der lace8 -Mutation auf den pink1-Phänotyp von Drosophila melanogaster
(2026) Rohr, Jonas Laurin
Das PINK1-assoziierte Parkinson-Syndrom geht mit mitochondrialer Dysfunktion, oxidativem Stress und gestörter mitochondrialer Qualitätskontrolle einher. Gleichzeitig rückt der Sphingolipidstoffwechsel zunehmend in den Fokus neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen. Ceramid erscheint als zentrales Bestandteil des Sphingolipidstoffwechsels besonders relevant, da es mitochondriale Funktionsparameter, apoptotische Signalwege und die Bildung reaktiver Sauerstoffspezies beeinflusst und damit zentrale pathophysiologische Mechanismen berührt, die auch im Kontext einer PINK1-Dysfunktion eine Rolle spielen.
Ziel dieser Arbeit war es zu untersuchen, ob eine genetische Reduktion der Ceramid-Synthese den pink1-Phänotyp in Drosophila melanogaster moduliert. Hierzu wurde die hypomorphe lace8-Mutation, die die Aktivität der Serin-Palmitoyltransferase reduziert, in pink1-mutante Fliegen eingeführt. Anschließend wurden Parameter der mitochondrialen Funktion und des oxidativen Stresses analysiert.
Die Reduktion der Ceramid-Synthese führte zu erhöhter ATP-Produktion, verbesserter Flugfähigkeit, gesteigerter Komplex-I-Aktivität, verminderter ROS-Produktion und reduzierter mitochondrialer Aggregation. Insgesamt deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass eine Senkung der Ceramid-Spiegel wesentliche Aspekte der mitochondrialen Dysfunktion im pink1-Phänotyp abschwächen kann. Der Ceramid-Stoffwechsel stellt damit einen potenziell relevanten Modulator PINK1-assoziierter mitochondrialer Pathomechanismen dar.
Hierarchies of action control
(2026) Heinrich, Nils Wendel
Humans act in environments that are uncertain, dynamically changing, and only partially controllable. Successful behavior in such settings requires more than reactive feedback correction or rule-based strategies. Agents must continuously regulate how precisely action goals are specified, how strongly predictions guide action, and how they adapt when control deteriorates. Despite extensive work on motor control, decision-making, and learning, existing accounts lack a unified explanation of how behavioral strategies, subjective control beliefs, and computational learning mechanisms jointly support adaptive action control in these dynamic environments that are characterized by uncertainty and action–effect contingencies that change over time.
This dissertation develops and empirically grounds a multi-level framework of action control that integrates hierarchical accounts of intention, graded degrees of control, and belief-based regulation of agency. Action control emerges from the dynamic interaction between behavioral markers of ongoing regulation, cognitive forward models supporting both reactive and proactive action selection, and computational mechanisms driving parameter adjustments of these internal forward models.
Across four studies that share the same continuous task environment, action control is investigated at behavioral, cognitive, and computational levels. Studies 1 and 2 show that gaze behavior implements a hierarchical organization of action goals over different temporal horizons. Close fixations support immediate control and state-dependent regulation, whereas distant fixations anchor attention to future task-relevant locations, supporting proactive planning. These complementary fixation types adapt flexibly to changes in environmental dynamics and action–effect contingencies, revealing how perceptual control implements both reactive and anticipatory action.
Study 3 treats the Sense of Control, the subjective feeling of being in control, as a latent belief that is updated via Bayesian integration. Participants provided control ratings after each trial, serving as observable indicators of their evolving beliefs. Analysis showed that participants derived their ratings by integrating prior expectations with observed performance outcomes. Control ratings decreased when environmental outcomes violated participants’ expectations, and individuals differed in how strongly they weighted performance evidence, indicating variability in belief updating. These results suggest that the Sense of Control reflects the predictive accuracy of internal forward models.
Study 4 translated these insights into a cognitive architecture combining forward predictions with error-driven learning. The Sense of Control from Study 3, modeled using the Bayesian framework, was reinterpreted as uncertainty associated with an internal forward model of the task’s environmental dynamics. This uncertainty modulated whether forward predictions were used during action selection. Simulations showed that when high uncertainty led the architecture to suspend forward prediction, learning was severely impaired. Adaptation was slow, performance remained below that of human participants, and internal representations failed to improve because no informative prediction errors were generated. When the architecture relied on predictions despite high uncertainty, corrective error signals enabled efficient parameter updating, resulting in learning trajectories and performance comparable to human participants. This demonstrates that engaging predictive mechanisms early, even under uncertainty, is essential for effective adaptation to dynamic environments.
Together, these studies establish a process-based framework in which adaptive action control is neither purely reactive nor rigidly predictive. Instead, it emerges from coordinated mechanisms operating across multiple levels and timescales, with uncertainty guiding when internal models are updated incrementally and when they must be fundamentally restructured. By linking gaze behavior, subjective control beliefs, and predictive learning, this dissertation provides a foundation for investigating structural learning, proactive control, and failures of agency in both human and artificial systems.
Potenzielle Auswirkungen einer Mobilen Stroke Unit auf Schlaganfallpatientinnen und -patienten mit Rekanalisationstherapien
(2025) Tiemann, Susanna
Hintergrund und Ziel:
Eine Mobile Stroke Unit (MSU) verkürzt die Zeit bis zur Schlaganfallbehandlung, indem sie die Thrombolyse bereits vor Ort ermöglicht und Sekundärtransporte vermeidet. Aufgrund dieses Vorteils gegenüber dem konventionellen Rettungsdienst empfehlen aktuelle Leitlinien eine regionale Evaluation der MSU-Implementierung.
Methoden:
In einer deskriptiven Studie wurden die Versorgungswege von Patientinnen und Patienten, die einen Sekundärtransport zur mechanischen Thrombektomie benötigten, anhand individueller Patientendaten rekonstruiert – in einer dänischen Region (n = 122) und einer angrenzenden deutschen Region (n = 80). Relevante Zeitpunkte umfassten die Ankunftszeiten (am Einsatzort, im erstversorgenden Krankenhaus, im Thrombektomiezentrum) sowie den Beginn der Akuttherapie. Für jede Region wurde ein optimaler MSU-Standort bestimmt. Die daraus resultierenden Zeitgewinne wurden in vermiedene disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) übersetzt.
Ergebnisse:
Für beide Regionen ergab sich ein optimaler MSU-Standort mit einer medianen Fahrzeit von 35 Minuten zum Patienten. In der deutschen Region betrugen die Zeitgewinne (Median [Q1; Q3]) 7 Minuten (−15; 31) für die Thrombolyse und 35 Minuten (15; 61) für die Thrombektomie. In der dänischen Region lagen die entsprechenden Zeitgewinne bei 20 Minuten (8; 30) bzw. 43 Minuten (25; 66).
Unter der Annahme von 28 Thrombektomien und 52 Thrombolysen pro Jahr würden dadurch in der deutschen Region 9,4 DALYs pro Jahr vermieden, was ein jährliches Netto-Budget für eine MSU von 0,8 Mio. PPP-Dollar rechtfertigt. In der dänischen Region würden 17,7 DALYs vermieden, was ein jährliches Netto-Budget von 1,7 Mio. PPP-Dollar rechtfertigt.
Schlussfolgerung:
Die Effekte einer MSU lassen sich anhand individueller Patientenpfade berechnen und spiegeln Unterschiede in der Krankenhausinfrastruktur zwischen Dänemark und Deutschland wider.